What?

A breast self-exam is one of the simplest and most low-cost methods to screen for breast cancer. It can be regularly performed by almost anyone.

Why?

It can be a way to detect breast cancer early, especially when used in combination with regular physical exams by a doctor, mammography, and in some cases, ultrasound and/or MRI. (Each of these screening tools works in different ways.)

When?

There is no specific number in terms of how often you should perform a breast self-exam. The key, however, is to do it often enough to be familiar with what is normal when it comes to your breasts. Most experts recommend you do a self-exam once a month. It also helps to do it several days after the end of your menstrual period, to avoid your breasts being swollen or tender.

How?

Step 1

Raise your arms and look at your breasts in the mirror.

Look for changes in size, shape, or colour.
Check that they are evenly shaped, without visible distortion or swelling.
Look for dimpling, puckering, or bulging of skin; redness, soreness, or a rash; a nipple that has changed position, or inverted.

Step 2

Put your hands on your hips and make sure your shoulders are straight.

Step 3

Turn slowly from side to side, and look for the same changes.

Step 4

Feel your breasts while in a standing or sitting position — many women find it easier to do this in the shower when their skin is wet and slick.

Use your right hand to feel your left breast, and then your left hand to feel your right breast.
Use the first few finger pads of your hand to do this, keeping the fingers flat and close together, with a firm, smooth touch. Move your fingers in a circular motion, making circles approximately the size of a RM0.50 coin.
Make sure to cover the entire breast with this technique. Move from top to bottom (from your collarbone to the top of your abdomen), and from side to side (from your armpit to your cleavage).
Feel for lumps and/or thickening, and for constant and/or unusual pain in your breast or armpit.

Step 5

Look for signs of any fluid coming out of one or both nipples — this could be watery, milky, yellow, or bloody.

Step 6

Repeat the movements from Step 4 while lying down.

Most women only feel their breasts while standing or sitting. However, some lumps cannot be felt unless you are lying down.

Be aware of your breasts so that you know what is normal and not. The moment you detect something unusual, do not hesitate to seek medical advice.

Image credits: HealthHub, Ministry of Health Singapore

Listen to the podcast ‘Best Breast Cancer Screening Practices’:

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