Are Anti-Defection Agreements Enforceable?

Warisan has sent a letter to force Sebatik ADUN Hassan Amir Gani to vacate his seat, after the assemblyman announced his resignation from the party last week. The president of the party, Datuk Seri Shafie Apdal, said that the resignation letter had been signed by the ADUN prior to the state election, in which he had pledged to remain loyal to Warisan if he won the seat. Are anti-defection agreements within parties legally enforceable? We speak with Thomas Fann for his thoughts.

Image Source: Aaron Lee, Unsplash